date - Manual - PHP
date
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
date — Format a local time/date
Description ¶
date(string $format, int|null $timestamp = null): string
Returns a string formatted according to the given format string using the given integer timestamp or the current time if no timestamp is given. In other words, timestamp is optional and defaults to the value of time().
Parameters ¶
format
Format accepted by DateTimeInterface::format().
timestamp
The optional timestamp parameter is an int Unix timestamp that defaults to the current local time if timestamp is omitted or null. In other words, it defaults to the value of time().
Return Values ¶
Returns a formatted date string. If a non-numeric value is used for timestamp, false is returned and an E_WARNING level error is emitted.
Errors/Exceptions ¶
Every call to a date/time function will generate a E_NOTICE if the time zone is not valid, and/or a E_STRICT or E_WARNING message if using the system settings or the TZ environment variable. See also date_default_timezone_set()
Changelog ¶
Version Description
8.0.0 timestamp is nullable now.
Examples ¶
Example #1 date() examples
<?php
// set the default timezone to use.
date_default_timezone_set('UTC');
// Prints something like: Monday
echo date("l");
// Prints something like: Monday 8th of August 2005 03:12:46 PM
echo date('l jS \of F Y h:i:s A');
// Prints: July 1, 2000 is on a Saturday
echo "July 1, 2000 is on a " . date("l", mktime(0, 0, 0, 7, 1, 2000));
/* use the constants in the format parameter */
// prints something like: Wed, 25 Sep 2013 15:28:57 -0700
echo date(DATE_RFC2822);
// prints something like: 2000-07-01T00:00:00+00:00
echo date(DATE_ATOM, mktime(0, 0, 0, 7, 1, 2000));
?>
You can prevent a recognized character in the format string from being expanded by escaping it with a preceding backslash. If the character with a backslash is already a special sequence, you may need to also escape the backslash.
Example #2 Escaping characters in date()
<?php
// prints something like: Wednesday the 15th
echo date('l \t\h\e jS');
?>
It is possible to use date() and mktime() together to find dates in the future or the past.
Example #3 date() and mktime() example
<?php
$tomorrow = mktime(0, 0, 0, date("m") , date("d")+1, date("Y"));
$lastmonth = mktime(0, 0, 0, date("m")-1, date("d"), date("Y"));
$nextyear = mktime(0, 0, 0, date("m"), date("d"), date("Y")+1);
?>
Note:
This can be more reliable than simply adding or subtracting the number of seconds in a day or month to a timestamp because of daylight saving time.
Some examples of date() formatting. Note that you should escape any other characters, as any which currently have a special meaning will produce undesirable results, and other characters may be assigned meaning in future PHP versions. When escaping, be sure to use single quotes to prevent characters like \n from becoming newlines.
Example #4 date() Formatting
<?php
// Assuming today is March 10th, 2001, 5:16:18 pm, and that we are in the
// Mountain Standard Time (MST) Time Zone
$today = date("F j, Y, g:i a"); // March 10, 2001, 5:16 pm
$today = date("m.d.y"); // 03.10.01
$today = date("j, n, Y"); // 10, 3, 2001
$today = date("Ymd"); // 20010310
$today = date('h-i-s, j-m-y, it is w Day'); // 05-16-18, 10-03-01, 1631 1618 6 Satpm01
$today = date('\i\t \i\s \t\h\e jS \d\a\y.'); // it is the 10th day.
$today = date("D M j G:i:s T Y"); // Sat Mar 10 17:16:18 MST 2001
$today = date('H:m:s \m \i\s\ \m\o\n\t\h'); // 17:03:18 m is month
$today = date("H:i:s"); // 17:16:18
$today = date("Y-m-d H:i:s"); // 2001-03-10 17:16:18 (the MySQL DATETIME format)
?>
To format dates in other languages, you should use the setlocale() and strftime() functions instead of date().
Notes ¶
Note:
To generate a timestamp from a string representation of the date, you may be able to use strtotime(). Additionally, some databases have functions to convert their date formats into timestamps (such as MySQL's » UNIX_TIMESTAMP function).
Tip
Timestamp of the start of the request is available in $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME'].
See Also ¶
gmdate() - Format a GMT/UTC date/time
idate() - Format a local time/date as integer
getdate() - Get date/time information
getlastmod() - Gets time of last page modification
mktime() - Get Unix timestamp for a date
strftime() - Format a local time/date according to locale settings
time() - Return current Unix timestamp
DateTimeImmutable::__construct() - Returns new DateTimeImmutable object
Predefined DateTime Constants
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User Contributed Notes 20 notes
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119Jimmy ¶9 years ago
Things to be aware of when using week numbers with years.
<?php
echo date("YW", strtotime("2011-01-07")); // gives 201101
echo date("YW", strtotime("2011-12-31")); // gives 201152
echo date("YW", strtotime("2011-01-01")); // gives 201152 too
?>
BUT
<?php
echo date("oW", strtotime("2011-01-07")); // gives 201101
echo date("oW", strtotime("2011-12-31")); // gives 201152
echo date("oW", strtotime("2011-01-01")); // gives 201052 (Year is different than previous example)
?>
Reason:
Y is year from the date
o is ISO-8601 year number
W is ISO-8601 week number of year
Conclusion:
if using 'W' for the week number use 'o' for the year.
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15ivijan dot stefan at gmail dot com ¶6 years ago
If you have a problem with the different time zone, this is the solution for that.
<?php
// first line of PHP
$defaultTimeZone='UTC';
if(date_default_timezone_get()!=$defaultTimeZone)) date_default_timezone_set($defaultTimeZone);
// somewhere in the code
function _date($format="r", $timestamp=false, $timezone=false)
{
$userTimezone = new DateTimeZone(!empty($timezone) ? $timezone : 'GMT');
$gmtTimezone = new DateTimeZone('GMT');
$myDateTime = new DateTime(($timestamp!=false?date("r",(int)$timestamp):date("r")), $gmtTimezone);
$offset = $userTimezone->getOffset($myDateTime);
return date($format, ($timestamp!=false?(int)$timestamp:$myDateTime->format('U')) + $offset);
}
/* Example */
echo 'System Date/Time: '.date("Y-m-d | h:i:sa").'<br>';
echo 'New York Date/Time: '._date("Y-m-d | h:i:sa", false, 'America/New_York').'<br>';
echo 'Belgrade Date/Time: '._date("Y-m-d | h:i:sa", false, 'Europe/Belgrade').'<br>';
echo 'Belgrade Date/Time: '._date("Y-m-d | h:i:sa", 514640700, 'Europe/Belgrade').'<br>';
?>
This is the best and fastest solution for this problem. Working almost identical to date() function only as a supplement has the time zone option.
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2Jaap ¶9 months ago
For users looking to format a unix timestamp with microseconds to mysql datetime, this function should do the trick:
<?php
function sqlDateTimeFromMicroTimestamp(int $microtimestamp):string{
$dt = new \DateTimeImmutable();
$normalTimestamp = (int)floor($microtimestamp / 1000000);
$sqlTimestampWithoutMicroseconds = $dt->setTimestamp($normalTimestamp)->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
$sqlTimestampWithMicroseconds = $sqlTimestampWithoutMicroseconds . '.'. ($microtimestamp % 1000000);
return $sqlTimestampWithMicroseconds;
}
?>
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12adityabhai at gmail dot com ¶7 years ago
For Microseconds, we can get by following:
echo date('Ymd His'.substr((string)microtime(), 1, 8).' e');
Thought, it might be useful to someone !
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5bruslbn at gmail dot com ¶3 years ago
In order to define leap year you must considre not only that year can be divide by 4!
The correct alghoritm is:
if (year is not divisible by 4) then (it is a common year)
else if (year is not divisible by 100) then (it is a leap year)
else if (year is not divisible by 400) then (it is a common year)
else (it is a leap year)
So the code should look like this:
if($year%4 == 0 && $year%100 != 0) {
$leapYear = 1;
} elseif($year%400 == 0) {
$leapYear = 1;
} else {
$leapYear = 0;
}
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10matthew dot hotchen at worldfirst dot com ¶7 years ago
FYI: there's a list of constants with predefined formats on the DateTime object, for example instead of outputting ISO 8601 dates with:
<?php
echo date('c');
?>
or
<?php
echo date('Y-m-d\TH:i:sO');
?>
You can use
<?php
echo date(DateTime::ISO8601);
?>
instead, which is much easier to read.
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9FiraSEO ¶8 years ago
this how you make an HTML5 <time> tag correctly
<?php
echo '<time datetime="'.date('c').'">'.date('Y - m - d').'</time>';
?>
in the "datetime" attribute you should put a machine-readable value which represent time , the best value is a full time/date with ISO 8601 ( date('c') ) ,,, the attr will be hidden from users
and it doesn't really matter what you put as a shown value to the user,, any date/time format is okay !
This is very good for SEO especially search engines like Google .
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6Anonymous ¶7 years ago
It's common for us to overthink the complexity of date/time calculations and underthink the power and flexibility of PHP's built-in functions. Consider http://php.net/manual/en/function.date.php#108613
<?php
function get_time_string($seconds)
{
return date('H:i:s', strtotime("2000-01-01 + $seconds SECONDS"));
}
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3Bas Vijfwinkel ¶9 years ago
Note that some formatting options are different from MySQL.
For example using a 24 hour notation without leading zeros is the option '%G' in PHP but '%k' in MySQL.
When using dynamically generated date formatting string, be careful to generate the correct options for either PHP or MySQL.
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2Charlie ¶5 years ago
For HTML5 datetime-local HTML input controls (http://www.w3.org/TR/html-markup/input.datetime-local.html) use format example: 1996-12-19T16:39:57
To generate this, escape the 'T', as shown below:
<?php
date('Y-m-d\TH:i:s');
?>
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1rc at macshot dot de ¶4 years ago
At least in PHP 5.5.38 date('j.n.Y', 2222222222) gives a result of 2.6.2040.
So date is not longer limited to the minimum and maximum values for a 32-bit signed integer as timestamp.
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0mparsa1372 at gmail dot com ¶4 months ago
The example below formats today's date in three different ways:
<?php
echo "Today is " . date("Y/m/d") . "<br>";
echo "Today is " . date("Y.m.d") . "<br>";
echo "Today is " . date("Y-m-d") . "<br>";
echo "Today is " . date("l");
?>
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1Anonymous ¶5 years ago
If timestamp is a string, date converts it to an integer in a possibly unexpected way:
<?php
echo (int)'0x10'; //0
echo intval('0x10'); //0
echo date('s', '0x10'); //gives 16
//however, no octal conversion:
echo date('s', '010'); //gives 10
?>
(PHP 5.6.16)
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3SpikeDaCruz ¶15 years ago
The following function will return the date (on the Gregorian calendar) for Orthodox Easter (Pascha). Note that incorrect results will be returned for years less than 1601 or greater than 2399. This is because the Julian calendar (from which the Easter date is calculated) deviates from the Gregorian by one day for each century-year that is NOT a leap-year, i.e. the century is divisible by 4 but not by 10. (In the old Julian reckoning, EVERY 4th year was a leap-year.)
This algorithm was first proposed by the mathematician/physicist Gauss. Its complexity derives from the fact that the calculation is based on a combination of solar and lunar calendars.
<?php
function getOrthodoxEaster($date){
/*
Takes any Gregorian date and returns the Gregorian
date of Orthodox Easter for that year.
*/
$year = date("Y", $date);
$r1 = $year % 19;
$r2 = $year % 4;
$r3 = $year % 7;
$ra = 19 * $r1 + 16;
$r4 = $ra % 30;
$rb = 2 * $r2 + 4 * $r3 + 6 * $r4;
$r5 = $rb % 7;
$rc = $r4 + $r5;
//Orthodox Easter for this year will fall $rc days after April 3
return strtotime("3 April $year + $rc days");
}
?>
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-1mirco dot babin at gmail dot com ¶2 years ago
One important thing you should remember is that the timestamp value returned by time() is time-zone agnostic and gets the number of seconds since 1 January 1970 at 00:00:00 UTC. This means that at a particular point in time, this function will return the same value in the US, Europe, India, Japan, ...
date() will format a time-zone agnostic timestamp according to the default timezone set with date_default_timezone_set(...). Local time. If you want to output as UTC time use:
<?php
function dateUTC($format, $timestamp = null)
{
if ($timestamp === null) $timestamp = time();
$tz = date_default_timezone_get();
date_default_timezone_set('UTC');
$result = date($format, $timestamp);
date_default_timezone_set($tz);
return $result;
}
/>
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1ghotinet ¶10 years ago
Most spreadsheet programs have a rather nice little built-in function called NETWORKDAYS to calculate the number of business days (i.e. Monday-Friday, excluding holidays) between any two given dates. I couldn't find a simple way to do that in PHP, so I threw this together. It replicates the functionality of OpenOffice's NETWORKDAYS function - you give it a start date, an end date, and an array of any holidays you want skipped, and it'll tell you the number of business days (inclusive of the start and end days!) between them.
I've tested it pretty strenuously but date arithmetic is complicated and there's always the possibility I missed something, so please feel free to check my math.
The function could certainly be made much more powerful, to allow you to set different days to be ignored (e.g. "skip all Fridays and Saturdays but include Sundays") or to set up dates that should always be skipped (e.g. "skip July 4th in any year, skip the first Monday in September in any year"). But that's a project for another time.
<?php
function networkdays($s, $e, $holidays = array()) {
// If the start and end dates are given in the wrong order, flip them.
if ($s > $e)
return networkdays($e, $s, $holidays);
// Find the ISO-8601 day of the week for the two dates.
$sd = date("N", $s);
$ed = date("N", $e);
// Find the number of weeks between the dates.
$w = floor(($e - $s)/(86400*7)); # Divide the difference in the two times by seven days to get the number of weeks.
if ($ed >= $sd) { $w--; } # If the end date falls on the same day of the week or a later day of the week than the start date, subtract a week.
// Calculate net working days.
$nwd = max(6 - $sd, 0); # If the start day is Saturday or Sunday, add zero, otherewise add six minus the weekday number.
$nwd += min($ed, 5); # If the end day is Saturday or Sunday, add five, otherwise add the weekday number.
$nwd += $w * 5; # Add five days for each week in between.
// Iterate through the array of holidays. For each holiday between the start and end dates that isn't a Saturday or a Sunday, remove one day.
foreach ($holidays as $h) {
$h = strtotime($h);
if ($h > $s && $h < $e && date("N", $h) < 6)
$nwd--;
}
return $nwd;
}
$start = strtotime("1 January 2010");
$end = strtotime("13 December 2010");
// Add as many holidays as desired.
$holidays = array();
$holidays[] = "4 July 2010"; // Falls on a Sunday; doesn't affect count
$holidays[] = "6 September 2010"; // Falls on a Monday; reduces count by one
echo networkdays($start, $end, $holidays); // Returns 246
?>
Or, if you just want to know how many work days there are in any given year, here's a quick function for that one:
<?php
function workdaysinyear($y) {
$j1 = mktime(0,0,0,1,1,$y);
if (date("L", $j1)) {
if (date("N", $j1) == 6)
return 260;
elseif (date("N", $j1) == 5 or date("N", $j1) == 7)
return 261;
else
return 262;
}
else {
if (date("N", $j1) == 6 or date("N", $j1) == 7)
return 260;
else
return 261;
}
}
?>
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-1david dot thomas at elliott-thomas dot com dot au ¶4 years ago
Prior to PHP 5.6.23, Relative Formats for the start of the week aligned with PHP's (0=Sunday,6=Saturday). Since 5.6.23, Relative Formats for the start of the week align with ISO-8601 (1=Monday,7=Sunday). (http://php.net/manual/en/datetime.formats.relative.php)
This can produce different, and seemingly incorrect, results depending on your PHP version and your choice of 'w' or 'N' for the Numeric representation of the day of the week:
<?php
echo "Today is Sun 2 Oct 2016, day ",date('w',strtotime('2016-10-02'))," of this week. ";
echo "Day ",date('w',strtotime('2016-10-02 Monday next week'))," of next week is ",date('d M Y',strtotime('2016-10-02 Monday next week')),"<br />";
echo "Today is Sun 2 Oct 2016, day ",date('N',strtotime('2016-10-02'))," of this week. ";
echo "Day ",date('w',strtotime('2016-10-02 Monday next week'))," of next week is ",date('d M Y',strtotime('2016-10-02 Monday next week'));
?>
Prior to PHP 5.6.23, this results in:
Today is Sun 2 Oct 2016, day 0 of this week. Day 1 of next week is 10 Oct 2016
Today is Sun 2 Oct 2016, day 7 of this week. Day 1 of next week is 10 Oct 2016
Since PHP 5.6.23, this results in:
Today is Sun 2 Oct 2016, day 0 of this week. Day 1 of next week is 03 Oct 2016
Today is Sun 2 Oct 2016, day 7 of this week. Day 1 of next week is 03 Oct 2016
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-10bruslbn at gmail dot com ¶3 years ago
In order to define leap year you must considre not only that year can be divide by 4!
The correct alghoritm is:
if (year is not divisible by 4) then (it is a common year)
else if (year is not divisible by 100) then (it is a leap year)
else if (year is not divisible by 400) then (it is a common year)
else (it is a leap year)
So the code should look like this:
if($year%4 == 0 && $year%100 != 0) {
$leapYear = 1;
} elseif($year%400 == 0) {
$leapYear = 1;
} else {
$leapYear = 0;
}
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-16bruslbn at gmail dot com ¶3 years ago
In order to define leap year you must considre not only that year can be divide by 4!
The correct alghoritm is:
if (year is not divisible by 4) then (it is a common year)
else if (year is not divisible by 100) then (it is a leap year)
else if (year is not divisible by 400) then (it is a common year)
else (it is a leap year)
So the code should look like this:
if($year%4 == 0 && $year%100 != 0) {
$leapYear = 1;
} elseif($year%400 == 0) {
$leapYear = 1;
} else {
$leapYear = 0;
}
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-17arth dot inbox at gmail dot com ¶2 years ago
Looks like date('u') is not microseconds, but is positive difference from rest part.
php > echo (DateTime::createFromFormat('U.u', '-128649659.999998'))->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.u U.u');
1965-12-03 23:59:01.999998 -128649659.999998
`U.u` parsed and formatted same, but means not 1965-12-03 23:59:00.000002.
Other words correct timestamp for example above is (-128649659 + 0.999998).
Less confusing format for it is:
php > echo DateTime::createFromFormat('U\+0.u', '-128649660+0.000002')->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.u');
1965-12-03 23:59:00.000002
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